CPO optical modules put optical and electronic parts together. They make the signal path much shorter, from centimeters to millimeters. This can cut power use by up to half. To address power and thermal. To address this, Macom and NVIDIA first proposed Linear-drive Pluggable Optics (LPO) in 2022. In the LPO architecture: The transmitter uses. Optical interconnects—long considered a supporting component—are now central to determining overall system efficiency, scalability, and cost. Traditional architectures based on front-panel pluggable optics are increasingly unable to meet these demands, prompting a shift toward more integrated. Traditional optical modules typically rely on DSPs (Digital Signal Processors) to handle signal equalization, retiming, and compensation, mitigating attenuation and distortion during transmission. While DSPs excel at improving signal quality, their operational power consumption and latency have. CPO, a technology that deeply co-packages the optical engine with the switch chip, offers a solution for next-generation AI cluster interconnects by shortening the signal transmission path, reducing power consumption, and increasing bandwidth density. It is not just an optical module technology. Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) is an advanced heterogeneous integration of optics and silicon on a single packaged substrate that addresses next generation bandwidth, power, and cost challenges. CPO incorporates a wide range of expertise in fiber optics, digital signal processing (DSP), ASICs, and.